Understanding the E-Meter
Basics of How the E-Meter Works
Contents:
- Introduction
- The Composition of the Physical Universe
- The Thetan and the Physical Universe
- How the E-Meter Really Works
- About the Author
- Glossary
- Subject Index
- Bibliography
Introduction
The measurement of thought with a meter is not new; the understanding and accuracy of measurement is new. It has been known to a variety of beings for a very long time that thought and electrical manifestations were closely associated.
Einstein is reported to have said that all an observer should be permitted to do is to read a meter and report the message of the meter. This is true enough. But the observer of a human mind can read it with a meter only if the meter is an accurate and constant meter, and only if he knows what questions to ask. The invention of the Hubbard Electrometer indubitably ranks as another Scientology "first." For here we have the first truly accurate and constant meter ever employed in the field of the mind.
If the truth be known, the E-Meter utterly dwarfs such inventions as that of the microscope. Leeuwenhoek found the way only to find bacteria; the E-Meter provides the way for Man to find his freedom and to rise to social and constructive levels of which Man has never dreamed, and to avoid perils in that route which Man, in going, would have found more deadly than any bacteria ever evolved or invented. The first E-Meter was built in 1950 and there have been many refinements made over the years to improve its workability and accuracy. However, the basic principle of the operation of the meter has not changed. The very first E-Meter successfully put into operation, the most recent refinement called the Mark VI OT E-Meter, the Mark V and its predecessor the Mark IV and all other models before, all worked on the same basic principles.
The E-Meter is an instrument which measures emotional reaction by tiny electrical impulses generated by thought. This book contains exact descriptions with illustrations of how the EMeter works to achieve this purpose. The first thing one should know to understand and operate an E-Meter is the concept of a "facsimile." To this end the book also provides basic and fundamental data concerning the thetan and his relationship with the physical universe and the nature of facsimiles.
A complete chapter deals with essential points of the make-up of the physical universe, but it is also recommended that you study Scientology: 8-80 and Scientology 8-8008 by L. Ron Hubbard to enhance your knowledge of this subject.
The E-Meter is a religious artifact developed for the exclusive use of ordained ministers and theological students who are trained in its use in Church ministrations. Its purpose is to assist the minister to locate in his parishioners areas of travail so that he may then bring about relief from spiritual suffering. Your skilled use of the E-Meter is a trust. Learn its operation well and observe the rewards in the results you will obtain with it. Good luck.
The Composition of the Physical Universe
If Life - or theta, as it is called in Scientology - is a mirror and creator of motion which can be mirrored, it follows then that mirror-wise, the whole of the laws of motion magnetism, energy, matter, space and time - can be found in thought and behavior, and even thinking partakes of the physical universe laws regarding matter, energy, space and time. The physical universe as we know it consists of just four parts:
Matter
Energy
Space
Time
We know these as a coined ward, MEST. We would not include theta as an integral portion although theta obviously impinges on it as Life.
Space
The workable definition of space is "viewpoint of dimension": there is no space without viewpoint, there is no space without points to view.
Space is not nothingness. Space is the viewpoint of dimension, and that is what space is. It is how far we look. If you didn't look you wouldn't have any space. Space is caused by looking out from a point. The only actuality of space is the agreed upon consideration that one perceives through something, and this we call space. Space is nothing more than what exists between a viewpoint and a dimension point.
A dimension point is any point in a space or at the boundaries of space. As a specialized case, those points which demark the outmost boundaries of the space or its corners are called in Scientology "anchor points". Dimension is the distance from the point of view to the anchor point that is in space.
In order to have space, it is necessary to have a viewpoint and the potential in the viewpoint of creating anchor points. Viewpoints are not visible, but viewpoints can have dimension points which are themselves visible. Space is creatable by a thetan and he may also conserve, alter or destroy space.
A material of the universe cannot exist in any universe without something in which to exist. The something in which it exists is space, and this is made by the attitude of a viewpoint which demarks an area with anchor points.
Solidity both in the physical universe and in the theta universe is concerned with space. Matter is a condensation of energy. The more energy condenses, the less space it occupies and the greater its endurance becomes. A being can become solidified by a collapse of space through a withdrawal of dimension points or an inability to occupy a viewpoint.
A Scientologist can gain great reality on the ability to conserve, alter or destroy space. His reality increases through confronting incidents which have caused him to pull in his anchor points and reduce his viewpoint of dimension and thus his space. He well knows the results of a successfully delivered standard auditing session wherein he is able to extend his dimension points and create more space for himself once again.
After many long hours at work in a small office, space seems to have collapsed and in fact it has for the being who has reduced his dimension points to close proximity to the viewpoint. A brief walk in the park soon remedies this and gives an abundance of points to view which are dimension points and an opportunity to expand the distance between viewpoint and dimension point and thus create space by the viewpoint. Any being (thetan) is a viewpoint; he is as much a being as he is able to assume viewpoints.
The rehabilitation of the viewpoint' s ability to act as a viewpoint and to extend points to view, or to put out dimension points, increases that viewpoint' s ability to create space and so destroy matter.
Matter
Energy becomes matter if condensed, and conversely matter becomes energy if dispersed The January, 1979 issue of Omni magazine published a short article on the behavior of atoms together with a photograph of the first color films of the atom. The picture showed a blowup of some uranium atoms magnified 15 million times by an electron microscope, yet what was seen, baffled the scientists who had done the filming. instead of seeing a bunch of static particles, what they saw, in their own words, looked "more like liquids than metals." They found that atoms just weren't sitting still but were shuttling back and forth, leaping in and out of the carbon depressions that supported them. They were completely astonished and had no way of, explaining the phenomenon.
They did not know the simple fact that matter is composed of condensed energy. In the physical universe, the only true static is the thetan. The thetan has no mass, no motion, no wavelength, no location in space or in time. At the opposite end of the spectrum, we have the ultimate in motion, or to be more technical, kinetic, and that is mest.
Formerly a static was defined only as a motionless object. This definition is not adequate, since an object - or a state of rest for an object - is attained only by an equilibrium of forces, and all objects have in themselves, if only on a molecular level, motion, and exist in space, which is itself an integral portion of motion. Hence we see we are dealing with a higher level static. The word is from Latin sto, meaning stand. No part of mest can be static, but theta is static. Theta has no motion. Even when the mest it controls is moving in space and time, theta is not moving, since theta is not in space or time.
In Scientology, the static is represented by the mathematical symbol theta (θ); the kinetic is called mest. The static interacts with the kinetic, which is considered to be the ultimate of motion. One cannot consider matter without also considering energy. In order to have matter, one must have space and must have had energy.
Time
"Viewpoint of dimension" is of course the definition of space; when we have dimension we can mark the dimension by dimension points, and when we get dimension points in there we get our first entrance into TIME. Time would be marked by the co-action of these particles which the person was using for dimension points. Time is the co-motion of particles. It's a funny thing about this definition of time, the "co-motion of particles," particles moving with particles in relationship to particles. It determines then that you must have same kind of a unit viewpoint to have time, because you wouldn't get particles co-moving which were in entirely disrelated spaces. They wouldn't be moving in relationship to each other. So the keynote of time is "relationship." In order to have time at all something must be related to something. We must have particles relating to particles in order to have time. If you have particles which are in no way capable of being related to some other particles, we wouldn't get a time which embraces both of those particles. Time depends upon the capability of particles to Game into collision or contact, no matter how long it might take or impossible it might seem to get these particles to do this. The capability of contact is our sole condition as to a unit time. Any set of particles which have the capability of contacting one another, no matter at what distance or anything else, just the capability of contacting one another, can have a unit time. Time is basically a postulate that space and particles will persist. (The rate of their persistence is what we measure with clocks and the motion of heavenly bodies.) Time exists in those things a thetan creates. It is a shift of particles, always making new space, always at an agreed upon rate.
Time is actually a consideration, but there is the experience of time. There is a distance, there is a velocity of particle travel - and the movement of that particle in relationship to its starting point and in relationship to its ending point, itself is the consideration of time. In order to have time one has to have space and same energy or matter in that space and some motion. Time is measured by motion. Motion is matter with energy in space. Thus a person can conceive of time as only matter and energy in space, such as a clock or a planetary rotation. Time is actual. But the person has become so dependent on matter moving in space to tell time that his time sense has become dependent on matter, energy and space. Let us assume that you were in a location that did not have a gun but there was a constant
source of light, and there were no watches or clocks. How would the time appear to you? Remember those days when you were very busy and there was a lot of motion going on and things getting done? Remember how the time just seemed to fly along and you could hardly believe your eyes when you looked at your watch?
Then there are those days when time just seems to drag on. This is especially evident when you are waiting for something to happen or someone to arrive or waiting for a store to open or for the weekend to come along. Notice how slow the motion seemed and constant glances at your watch made you feel sure that your timepiece had stopped? You may even have gone so far as to rewind the thing or give it a few shakes and listen to it tick, so sure were you that the timepiece was wrong. If something seems to move very slowly, it looks like a lot of time has gone by. If it moves very fast, only a little time appears to have gone by. Very little happening-time seems to drag. Lots of things happening-time flies. In the mest universe however, we have a constant of change most manifest in light and
dark, in the change in position of the planets and the gun, and we have set a constant of time and relate all our motions to that arbitrary of motion called day and night and have subdivided that change up into segments called hours, minutes and seconds, days, weeks, months and years. These time periods are all made manifest by the constant in change of position in space of the planets and gun. In other words, we are constantly relating the speed of particle flow to the arbitrary we measure with a watch or clock or sandglass. Each of these measure change, and change is the primary manifestation of time.
Energy
Energy consists of postulated particles in space - Axiom 5. In Scientology, the ward postulate means to cause a thinkingness or consideration. It is a specially applied ward and is defined as causative thinkingness. (The static is capable of considerations, postulates, and opinions - Axiom 2.) One considers that energy exists and that he can perceive energy. He also considers that energy behaves according to certain agreed upon laws. These assumptions or considerations are the totality of energy.
Space, energy, objects, form, and time are the result of considerations made and/or agreed upon or not by the static, and are perceived solely the static considers that it can perceive them - Axiom 3. The qualities of energy are three in number: the first is its existing charakteristics; the second is its wavelength; the third is its direction of flow or absence of direction of flow. The characteristics can be divided into three classes in their turn. These are flows, dispersals and ridges. The flow is a transfer of energy tram one point to another, and the energy in a flow can have any type of wave. Flowingness is simply the characteristic of transferringness. A dispersal is a series of outflows from a common point. A dispersal is, primarily, a number of flows extending from a common center. The best example of a dispersal is an explosion. There is such a thing as an in-dispersal. This would be where the flows are all traveling towards a common center. One might call this an implosion. Outflow and inflow from a common center are classified alike under the ward "dispersal" for handy classification. The third type of energy characteristic is the ridge. A ridge is essentially suspended energy in space. It comes about by flows, dispersals or ridges impinging against one another with a sufficient solidity to cause an enduring state of energy. A dispersal from the right and a dispersal from the left colliding in space with sufficient volume create a ridge which then exists after the flow itself has ceased. The duration of ridges is quite long. A wavelength is a characteristic of motion. Many motions are too random, too chaotic to have orderly wavelengths. An orderly wavelength is a flow of motion. It has a regular repeated distance between its crests. Take a rope or a garden hose and give it a flip. You will see a wave travel along it. Energy, whether electrical, light or sound, hag same such pattern. Wavelength is the relative distance from node to node (see diagram above) in any flow of energy. In the mest universe, wavelength is commonly measured in centimeters or meters. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength is considered to be on the gradient scale of wavlengths. The lower the frequency, the Ionger the wavelength is considered to be on a gradient scale.
Same examples of wavelengths are:
Radio waves range from several hundred meters, to centimeters and smaller for high frequency radio waves. Light waves range between 3800 and 7600 X 10 millionths of a millimeter. Emotion waves are about .024 centimeters, analytical thought about .0000002 centimeters and aesthetics in the band of about .00000000000000000000000002 centimeters! At the top of the scale
is theta itself, which has no wavelength. Radio, sound, light and other manifestations each has its place on the gradient scale of
wavelengths. Wavelength has no bearing upon wave characteristic, but applies to the flow or potential flow. A ridge has potential flow which, when released, may be supposed to have a wavelength. The various perceptions of the body and the thetan, each one is established by a position on the gradient scale of wavelengths. They are each one an energy flow
The Thetan and the Physical Universe
The tendency of the physical universe is condensation and solidification. At least this is the effect produced on the thetan. Continued dwelling in it without rehabilitation causes the thetan to become less reaching ("smaller") and more solid. A thetan, being a static, may become convinced he cannot duplicate matter, energy, space, or time or certain intentions and so succumbs to the influence of this universe. This influence in itself would be negligible unless recorded by the thetan, stored and made reactive upon the thetan as a "time track," and then maliciously used to trap the thetan. Actually, the origin of mest lies with theta itself, and mest, as we know the physical universe, is a product of theta. The physicist has adequately demonstrated that matter seems to be composed of energy which has become condensed in certain patterns. It can also be adequatelydemonstrated in Scientology that energy is produced by and does emanate from theta. Thus it is that theta, producing energy, condenses the space in which the energy is contained, which then becomes matter. The static has the peculiarity of acting as a "mirror." It records and holds the images of motion. It can even create motion and record and hold the image of that. It records also space and time in order to record motion, which is, after all, only "change in space through time." This leads us to memory. A memory is defined as "a recording of the physical universe." Any memory contains a time index (when it happened) and a pattern of motion. As a lake reflects the trees and moving clouds, so does a memory reflect the physical universe. Sight, sound, pain, emotion, effort, conclusions and many other things are recorded in this static for any given instant of observation. Such a memory we call a facsimile. A facsimile is "made" by the mind's ability to duplicate the wave or motion patterns of the physical universe. The mind, examining a facsimile it has made, can see it, feel it, hear it, re-experience the pain in it, the effort, the emotion. Now we see that a facsimile can have a mirrored set of wavelengths which match any wave in the physical universe. Actually, theta can create waves. Thus the facsimile can contain heavy effort or emotion and throw that back at the preclear. A facsimile, restimulated by the preclear´s attention units, can contain enough force to bow his back out of shape, scar his flesh, give him actual electrical shocks, or make him hot enough to run a fever, to say nothing of changing his ideas. Theta can be forced to have facsimiles it did not create. Hit a man, operate on him, beat him, give him a shock - he then will have a facsimile which can reactivate when his attention units, later on, accidentally sweep over it.
Theta and Energy The basic principle of energy production by a being has been copied in electronics. It is very simple. A difference of potential of two areas can establish an energy flow of themselves. Carbon batteries, electric generators and other producers of electrical flows act on the principle that a difference of energy potential in two or more areas can cause an electrical impulse to flow between or amongst them. Relative speeds determine potential. Actually, any difference of potential played one against the other creates energy. Aesthetic waves against a static produce energy. Aesthetic waves against analytical waves produce energy. Analytical waves against emotional waves produce energy. Emotional waves against effort waves produce energy. Effort against matter produces energy. The last, by the way, is the method used on Earth in generating electrical current for power. The others are equally valid and produce even higher flows. With the thetan, there occurs an interplay of static against motion or between two classes of motion, one relatively static to the other, and this can and does produce active electrical energy in beings of different characteristics and potentials. The preclear is static and kinetic, meaning he is nomotion and motion. These, interplaying, produce electrical flow. This makes a living being an electrical field more capable of high potentials and varieties of waves than are known to nuclear physics, of which Scientology is a basic
Attention units are actually flows of small wavelengths and definite frequency. These are measurable on specially designed oscilloscopes and meters. This created energy played lightly over a facsimile reactivates it and causes it to bear upon a being once more. This is an activity of thinking. A facsimile brought into play by a moment of intense activity may afterwards, when the being is again producing only normal energy output, "refuse" to be handled by the lower energy. This facsimile can then trap the energy of a being and turn upon him the pain, emotion and other things recorded in the facsimile. The facsimile thus can absorb energy and give pain, especially when the being holding it has forgotten it or does not perceive it. This is restimulation.
Facsimiles can disperse or flow when addressed by new energy, either exterior to the thetan or from the thetan. Thus the environment can set a facsimile into action or the thetan can set it into action. By concentrating a live energy flow upon a facsimile directly, the being can erase, disintegrate, or explode or implode it. As heavy facsimiles are the hidden source of human aberration and psychosomatic illness, their erasure or better handling by the being is intensely desirable. We can rehabilitate the being by raising his ability to create energy, and thus bring him to a point where he has sufficient output to overcome facsimiles. We do this by erasing or reducing certain facsimiles, and, in doing so, retrain the being to produce a higher energy potential.
Theta and the Mest Body
The thetan is both outside and inside the mest body. It is not just inside. The only reason it is inside at all is that any field would penetrate the mest body. The mest body should not be thought of as a harbor or vessel for the theta being. A better example would be a sliver inserted unwantedly in the thumb where the thumb would be the theta being, the mest body the sliver. The thetan flows electrical currents of command at the body. These hit pre-established ridges (areas of dense waves) and cause the body to perceive or act. The preclear takes from the body perception with tractor beams. He holds the body still or holds himself against it by wrapping a tractor (pulling) beam around it while placing a pressor (pushing) beam at his back to command himself into action. It was discovered in Scientology that a fixed electrical field existed surrounding a body entirely independent of, but influencable by, the human mind. The body exists in its own space. That space is created by "anchor points" (points which are anchored in a space different to the, physical universe around the body). The complexity of these anchor points, can cause an independent series of electronic flows which can occasion much discomfort to the individual. The balance structure of the body and even its joint action and physica characteristics can be changed by changing this electrical field which exists at a distance from, or within, the body. This electrical field is paramount and monitors the actual physical structure of the body. Now, mental image pictures also influence the body, and they influence the body basically by influencing these anchor points. A facsimile evidently imposes itself by magnetic fields and currents and other things upon the anchor point system. The body is then held together by electronic structure which is easily influencable, and that electronic structure has much more command upon the body than the mest around it.
Charge and the Time Track
Charge, the stored quantities of energy in the time track, is the sole thing that is being relieved or removed by the auditor from the time track. When this charge is present in huge amounts, the time track overwhelms the preclear and the preclear is thrust below observation of the actual track. In response to the rhythm of the physical universe, undoubtedly assisted by overts and implants and convictions of the need of recording, the thetan began to respond to the physical universe in his creations and eventually obsessively created (by means of restimulatable involuntary intentions) the passing moments of the physical universe. But only when he began to consider these pictures
important could they be used to aberrate him. These are only partly permanently created. Other moments of the past become re-created
only when the thetan' s intention is directed to them, on which these parts spontaneously appear, the thetan not voluntarily creating them. This forms the time track. Some parts of it, then, are "permanently" in a state of creation and the majority of it becoming created when the thetan's attention is directed to them.
The "permanently created" portions are those times of overwhelm and indecision which almost entirely submerged the thetan' s own will and awareness. Such parts are found in implants and great stresses. These parts are in permanent restimulation. The mechanism of permanent restimulation consists of opposing forces of comparable magnitude which cause a balance which does not respond to current time and remains "timeless." Such phenomena as the overt act-motivator sequence, the problem (postulate-counterpostulate),
tend to hold certain portions of the time track in "permanent creation" and cause them to continue to exist in present time as unresolved masses, energies, spaces, times and significances. All these things add up to charge, an impulse to withdraw from that which can't be withdrawn tram or to approach that which can't be approached, and this, like a two-pole battery, generates current. This constantly generated current is chronic charge.
The principal actions are:
a) When the attention of the thetan is directed broadly in the direction of such a track record, the current increases
b) When the attention is more closely (but not forcefully) and accurately directed, the current is discharged.
c) When the basic on the chain is found and erased, that which composes the poles themselves is erased and later incidents erased, for no further generation is possible by that chain and it becomes incapable of producing further charge to be restimulated. The above are the actions which occur during auditing. If these actions do not occur despite auditing, then there is no case betterment, so it is the auditor' s responsibility to make sure they do occur.
The mechanism of the time track can then be said to be the primary action in making a thetan solid, immobile and decisionless. For without a record of the past accumulating and forming a gradient of solidification of the thetan, the entrapment potential of the physical universe would be negligible and the havingness which it otters might be quite therapeutic. It probably requires more than
just living in the physical universe to become aberrated. The main method of causing aberration and entrapment is therefore found in actions which create or confuse the time track. A thetan has things beyond matter, energy, space and time which can deteriorate. His power of choice, his ability to keep two locations separate, his belief in self and his ethical standards are independent of material things. But these can be recorded in the time track as well and one sees them recover when no longer influenced by the time track. As the thetan himself makes his own time track, even if under compulsion, and commits his own overts, even on provocation, it can be said, then, that the thetan aberrates himself. But he is assisted by mammoth betrayals and his necessity to combat them. And he is guilty of aberrating his
fellows. Aberration itself must be calculated to occur. The existence of a time track only makes it possible for it to occur and be retained. Thus a thetan' s first real mistake is to consider his own pictures and their recorded events important, and his second mistake is in not obliterating entrapment activities in such a way as not to become entrapped or aberrated in doing so, all of which can be done
and should be.
How the E-Meter Really Works
For many years auditors have had various concepts of how the meter works. Those who have had so me electrical or electronics experience, have little difficulty in grasping the basic principle of its operation, but the majority who are not familiar with this field have sometimes had difficulties. They have tended to shy away from the technical aspects of meter operation as well as its associated terminology. It is true that you don't have to know how the meter works to make it work. An auditor does not have to be an electronics technician (fortunately) and understand the circuitry of the E-Meter in order to flawlessly operate one and get standard technical results from using one. Many auditors, however, have requested a deeper understanding of just what the meter really operates on and how it works. This is understandable; after all, an auditor uses his meter constantly every day. Why shouldn't he know more about how it works? The E-Meter works on a very easily understood principle. It "floats" a tiny electrical current through the preclear and uses this electrical current as a carrier wave to pick up the shifts in electrical energy that occur within or in close proximity to the preclear's body. These tiny electrical disturbances are carried into the E-Meter where they are amplified and made manifest in needle reads.
The truth of the matter is the E-Meter is an interlocking device along with the electronics of the bank. In the bank, you have a sheet of energy made out of electricity and when you pass a current of electricity near the thing, it will monitor the current of electricity. Life has the ability to register an impingement and to retain it or duplicate it. Life has that ability, and that is all that the meter measures. The meter is simply measuring reactions to impingements in life. For the benefit of those who wish a deeper understanding of the actual principles of operation of the E-Meter, this chapter covers the basics of electrical phenomena and how the E-Meter works in relationship to the preclear's bank and what makes the meter read. Before going into the details of the operation of the E-Meter, there are a few simple basics which should be grasped in the field of electricity. They are actually quite simple but explain much. What exactly is electricity? Very simple, we covered this in a previous chapter under energy and that is all electricity is, a flow of energy. There is nothing more complex to it than that. Electrical energy can be stored or made to flow in a given direction. It can be channeled. It flows best through metals, and these are called conductors. You have seen this in your home, in the office, and in fact even in the E-Meter itself where the electrical energy from a battery is channeled along copper wires. This is the same substance of which your E-Meter leads are made.
There are substances through which electrical energy does not flow, and these are called insulators. Some good insulators are glass, rubber, plastic, wood, and porcelain or ceramics. The EMeter leads are covered with an insulator of vinyl plastic. Many tools such as pliers and screwdrivers have plastic or rubber coated handles to prevent electrical contact. There are devices through which electrical energy can flow but has difficulty doing, and the flow becomes restricted. These are called resistors. Resistors are like barriers to a flow. Take a garden hose and flow water through it, then restrict the flow by squeezing the hose and making it smaller at any point; you have created a resistance, and the flow of water will be impeded. Take the same hose and plug up the end of it with the same sponges. You have introduced a barrier into the flow and the velocity and quantity of water coming out of the nozzle will be reduced as a result. The same applies to electrical energy flow: it can be reduced and impeded by means of resistance. A common electrical resistor consists of plain old carbon. Electrical energy can flow through carbon, but not as well as it does through a metal. Introduce impurities into the carbon or extend the length of carbon and you have a greater resistance to the flow. The amount of the electrical current can be reduced by forcing it to flow through a carbon resistor. Another commonly used electrical resistor consists of very thin wire. As with the restricted garden hose, the electrical energy has difficulty traveling through a very thin wire and so is reduced by the restriction. Some resistors are made by adding impurities into a wire. Electrical energy can travel trough the human body. It does not do so easily as the body cells are not good conductors, but they do conduct electrical energy, and electricity can be made flow through these cells. Resistance can be measured very exactly, and the amount of resistance to an electrical flow is measured in what is called ohms. These are simply the units of measurement of electrical resistance. Something which has a high resistance to electrical flow has a high ohm rating. A variable resistor is simply a device used to vary the amount of resistance in an electrical conductor. Such a device consists of the same resistance material and a movable contact. One can set the contact at various positions and control the amount of resistance. As you add more resistance to an electrical energy flow, the volume and pressure of that flow is reduced. This can be paralleled to a valve or faucet on a water line. Open the faucet, and the volume and pressure of water is increased. Close the faucet a few turns, and the volume and pressure are reduced. A potentiometer is simply a type of variable resistor. A potentiometer is sometimes called a pot as an abbreviation. The tone arm of your E-Meter is a type of variable resistor and is sometimes referred to as a pot. A potentiometer can be used to increase or decrease the pressure (voltage) behind a flow of electrical energy and to change the volume of the flow.
A circuit is a complete path along which an electrical current can flow. In the illustration above, you see a simple circuit. In the first example, the switch is on the 'off' position and the circuit is 'open.' No electrical current will flow as the circuit has not been completed. In the second example, the switch is in the 'on' position and the circuit is 'closed.' A tiny flow of electric energy is seen flowing out of the battery, along the wire, through the switch, through the light bulb, down the wire and back Into the battery. The battery can be considered to be a bag full of energy to supply the flow.
The E-Meter
The E-Meter, in its simplicity, consists of three separate parts which are: a) the circuit of the preclear, battery and tone arm, b) the amplifier, and c) the movement. In the circuit part of the E-Meter is a small battery, similar to the battery in your flashlight or
transistor radio. This battery is used to pass a very tiny flow of electrical energy down the wires of the EMeter leads, through the body of the preclear and back up into the E-Meter. This flow (which is very small indeed) acts as a carrier wave. In other words, it is a flow of current that can be influenced by other things and can carry other things.
For the meter to be read, the tiny flow of electrical energy through the preclear has to remain constant. When this tiny flow is reduced due to increased resistance, the needle of the E-Meter movement moves off the dial to the left. This happens because the preclear pulls in mass. This is actual mental mass (condensed energy), and this mass acts as a resistance to the flow of electrical energy from the E-Meter. The tiny carrier wave becomes partially blocked. To overcome this blockage and maintain the same current flow, the pressure behind the tiny flow has to be increased. In the E-Meter the pressure of the little carrier wave is increased by turning the tone arm to the right-raising it. As the tone arm is moved to the right, the pressure (voltage) is increased slightly until the carrier wave is strong enough to pass through the mass which the preclear has pulled in, and the same volume of current is now flowing through the preclear and back into the
meter. This increase in electrical pressure (voltage) is very small. In actual fact the potential pressure or voltage produced by the battery of the E-Meter is constant. The tone arm simply regulates how much of the battery's pressure or voltage is required to
push the carrier wave through the preclear. The required pressure or voltage is determined by the amount of mental mass or resistance present in the preclear. When the preclear as-ises or blows the mass that he pulled in, the resistance to the tiny flow of electrical energy through the preclear is lessened. The little carrier wave can flow through the preclear more easily, and less pressure (voltage) is needed to maintain the same volume of electrical energy flowing through him. The tone arm hag to be adjusted to the left (down) to decrease the
pressure behind the tiny electrical carrier wave and bring the needle back onto the dial.
We see then that the tone arm measures density of mass (ridges, pictures, machines, circuits) in the mind of the preclear. This is actual mass, not imaginary, and can be weighed, measured by resistance, etc. Therefore the tone arm registers state of ca se at any given time in processing. The tone arm also measures the advancement of the case during processing as, by moving up and down, it shows that an adequate amount of charge is being restimulated in session (tone arm going up) and that it is being adequately dispelled by the preclear (tone arm going down). Before starting an auditing session, the E-Meter has to be set up correctly. It has to be adjusted so that it will flow the correct amount of electrical energy through the preclear and give correct readings on the tone arm dial. This is done by setting up the meter but leaving the preclear leads disconnected. When the E-Meter is switched on without the jack plug being inserted, a 5,000 ohm resistor is connected across the lines of the meter outlet. This resistor is situated inside the meter itself, just inside the jack. With this known resistance of 5,000 ohms connected across the jack in the E-Meter, the trim knob is adjusted until the needle is at set on the movement dial with the tone arm knob set at 2.0 on the tone arm dial. The meter is now set up to pass the correct current flow and is adjusted so that the meter will give the correct standard tone arm readings.When the jack plug is inserted into the E-Meter, the little 5,000 ohm resistor is disconnected, and you are ready to have the preclear pick up the cans. Then you adjust the tone arm until the
needle appears on the movement dial.
What Makes the E-Meter Read
With the preclear holding the two electrodes and the tone arm set so that the needle appears on the movement dial, we have a complete circuit with a constant flow of electrical energy flowing through the preclear. This tiny flow through the preclear acts as a carrier wave. This means that the electrical flow going through the preclear can be influenced by other things. It can be influenced by an electrical disturbance that occurs in close proximity to it, and the carrier wave will pick up this disturbance and duplicate the wave pattern. This is rather like the action of taking a piano and opening the lid, then depressing the damper pedal and singing a note into the inside of the instrument where the strings are. The strings of the piano are influenced by the sound vibrations of your voice and they duplicate the vibrations and you can actually hear the thing sort of sing back at you. The strings could be considered to be like carrier waves, influenced by the sound vibrations you make. You could do this with any stringed instrument including a guitar or violin. With the E-Meter, we are using a small current of electrical energy as the carrier wave. When any new and different source of energy comes near the carrier wave, the carrier wave picks it up. An electrical field exists at a distance tram, or within, the body of the preclear. The tiny electrical flow tram the E-Meter, acting as a carrier wave, which is passed through the body of the preclear, is influenced by electrical shifts and disturbances which occur in this 'field'. The preclear is also surrounded by such things as masses, pictures and ridges and an entire record of the past which we call a time track. What are these pictures composed of? It has been established that this mental energy, such as is contained in a picture, and the energy of Earth or of the electric light company, are different only in wave length. Mental energy is simply a finer, higher level physical energy. Thus, when the preclear thinks a thought, looks at a picture, re-experiences an Incident or shifts so me part of the bank, he is using electrical energy to do so, and an electrical disturbance occurs within the electrical field surrounding, or within the preclear' s body. This electrical shift in the field is picked up by the tiny carrier wave and is transported along the wire tram the electrode and back into the E-Meter.
There is a little practical demonstration that you can do with your E-Meter to get so me reality on this. To do this demonstration, you will need a strong magnet (flat bar magnet or horse shoe shaped magnet) and a 6 foot length of insulated electrical wire. Connect one end of the electrical wire to one of the clips at the end of one of the E-Meter leads. At the other end connect a 12,500 ohm resistor used for calibrating the meter tone arm to 3.00. Now connect the other end of the resistor to the remaining E-Meter lead and turn the meter on. Notice that you have now completed a circuit and the 6 foot length of wire with the resistor could be likened to the body of a preclear with the carrier wave passing through him. Crank up the sensitivity to maximum and set the sensitivity booster to 128. Now adjust the Tone Arm until the needle is at set. Let it settle down. Make a coil of the 6 foot length of wire by wrapping it around one hand. Now take the magnet and move it about close to the wire, up and down, back and forth. You will see the needle kick and dip as the energy created by the motion of the magnet close to the wire, is picked up by the little carrier wave in the wire and is shown on the meter dial. Notice that you did not have to touch the wire to make the needle dip. Now do a "pinch test" on somebody. Set up the meter and get someone to hold the cans. Tell the person that you are going to do a pinch test and then with the person holding the electrodes and the sensitivity set at normal for that person, with the needle visible on the meter dial, give a strong pinch on the person's arm. Notice that there is a reaction on the meter and the needle moves. This is often accompanied by a rise in tone arm position. You just saw life's NOW reaction to applied force. It generated energy. If the TA also rose, it was because the added mass caused the carrier wave to be impeded so the tone arm had to be moved higher. Now ask the person to, "Recall the moment of the pinch." Notice the surge of the needle on the E-Meter dial. Acknowledge the person and ask for the moment to be recalled again. Each time the person recalls the pinch, you will see the needle react. But it will become less and less as the charge of the incident is as-ised, and with the mass blowing off, you will see that the blockage to the carrier wave is reduced and the tone arm moves down. The reads you see on your E-Meter dial in the movement of the needle are visual manifestations of the shifts of masses, ridges and pictures in the mind of the preclear or actual mental energy which is generated or discharged by the preclear. The idle uninfluenced movement of the needle on the dial without any patterns or reactions in it, is called a Floating Needle. It is simply an expression of interaction of mental current and meter current and expresses an absence of ridges or flows. The electrical changes in the preclear can be very small. The tiny shifts and electrical disturbances which are picked up by the carrier wave have to be amplified. This means to be expanded or made to look bigger. The tiny patterns picked up by the carrier wave are enlarged by an amplifier built into the E-Meter, which is similar to the amplifier in your radio or record player. In a radio or record player, the sound impulses are amplified and are transmitted to a speaker where they can be heard. In the E-Meter, the tiny impulses picked up by the carrier wave are amplified so that they can be seen on the needle dial.
The sensitivity knob in the E-Meter acts as a sort of volume control for the amplifier similar to the volume control on a radio or television set. As you turn the sensitivity up, the degree of amplification or magnification of the needle reads is increased. Setting the E-Meter to the correct amplification (sensitivity) is very important. An auditor must set the sensitivity of an E-Meter exactly right for each preclear and each session. The setting is different for almost every preclear and can change, session to session, even for one pc. A sensitivity setting which is too low or too high for that particular preclear in the particular session will obscure reads and F/Ns, thus upsetting the preclear's case. The sensitivity booster knob in the E-Meter simply increases the range of the E-Meter amplifier. The sensitivity booster works in
conjunction with the sensitivity knob to increase the range of sensitivity and clarity of the reads picked up by the carrier wave passing through the body of the preclear. Tiny reads become clearer and easier to detect. Too high a sensitivity setting will make the E-Meter pick up body reads, heartbeat, etc. The tiny shifts in the electrical field of the preclear, picked up by the carrier wave, amplified, and manifested by needle movements, are important. They are used as indicators of underlying areas of greater charge in the mind of the preclear and tell the trained auditor whether in fact an item or incident is charged or not and should be pursued or abandoned. They also indicate when the preclear has been released tram or has erased charged incidents or pictures. The identification and significance of the various types of E-Meter reads are not the subject of this work and are indeed covered fully in the following:
The E-Meter training films
E-Meter Essentials
The Book of E-Meter Drills
The Book Introducing the E-Meter
The Technical Bulletins of Dianetics and Scientology (12 volumes)
I have also more than amply covered the technology on E-Meter reads, their significance and their handling in my tape recorded lectures. All of this is available and for use. The rehabilitation of the self-determinism and inherent capabilities of the being is therefore
contingent upon:
a) A well-trained Dianetics or Scientology auditor who insists upon the exact standard
application of the technology of Dianetics and Scientology.
b) An understanding of the mind and the mechanics of guiding the preclear toward and helping him to erase charged incidents and pictures in his mind.
c) An understanding of and an ability to flawlessly operate the E-Meter.
d Actual charge off the case of the preclear through the flawless application of Dianetics and
Scientology processes in Dianetics and Scientology auditing sessions.